ALL BODY SYSTEM
ANATOMY AND
PHYSIOLOGY
Two branches
of science-anatomy and physiology-provide the foundation for
understanding the body’s parts and functions.
1. Anatomy (ana-up; tomy-process of cutting) is the science of body
structures and the relationships among them.
2. Physiology (physio – nature; logy-study of) is
the science of body functions-how the body parts work.
SYSTEMS OF HUMAN BODY
There are in whole body 11 major body system found,
that performs the vital functions and operations.
1. INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM
The integumentary system is an
organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine
glands. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface
area of almost 20 square feet.
COMPONENT- Skin and other structures associated with it, such as hair,
nails, sweat gland, oil glands, etc.
FUNCTIONS – Protects the body; helps regulate body temperature; excretory
function; helps make vitamin D; and detects sensations such as touch; pain;
warmth; and cold.
2.SKELETAL SYSTEM
The skeletal system includes all of the bones and
joints in the body. Each bone is a complex living organ that is made up of many
cells, protein fibers, and minerals.
COMPONENTS – Bones and joints of the body and their associated cartilages.
FUNCTIONS – Support
and protects the body
3. MUSCULAR SYSTEM
The muscular system is an
organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles.
It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood
throughout the body.
COMPONENTS- Muscles
FUNCTIONS – Produces body movements; stabilizes
body position; generates heat.
4.NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous
system is a complex network of nerves and cells that carry
messages to and from the brain and spinal cord to various parts of the body.
Your nervous system controls everything from your heartbeat to your
emotions.
COMPONENT- Brain;
Spinal cord; nerves and special sense organs
FUNCTIONS- Generates
nerve impulses to regulate body activities.
5.ENDOCRINE SYSTEM –
The endocrine system is the collection of glands
that produce hormones that regulate metabolism, growth and development, tissue
function, sexual function, reproduction, sleep, and mood, among other things.
COMPONENT - Hormone – producing glands
FUNCTIONS – Regulates
body activities by releasing hormones.
6. CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM –
The cardiovascular system is sometimes called the
blood-vascular, or simply the circulatory, system. It consists of the
heart, which is a muscular pumping device, and a closed system of
vessels called arteries, veins, and capillaries.
COMPONENTS – Blood,
heart and blood vessels.
FUNCTIONS – Supplying
nutrients and oxygen to the body through blood circulation.
7. LYMPHATIC SYSTEM AND IMMUNITY –
The lymphatic system is a
network of tissues and organs that help rid the body of toxins, waste and other
unwanted materials. The primary function of the lymphatic system is
to transport lymph, a fluid containing infection-fighting white blood
cells, throughout the body.
COMPONENTS – Lymphatic fluid (lymph) and vessels; also includes spleen,
lymph nodes, bone marrow and tonsils.
FUNCTIONS – Completes blood circulation and provides immunity
8. DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
The digestive process starts even
before the first bite of food. The digestive system breaks down the
food you eat. The digestive system is a group of organs working together to
convert food into energy and basic nutrients to feed the entire body. Food
passes through a long tube inside the body known as the alimentary canal or
gastrointestinal tract.
COMPONENTS – Organs of gastrointestinal tract – mouth, esophagus, stomach,
small and large intestines, and anus and other accessory organs.
FUNCTIONS – Breaking down of food, absorption of nutrients and
elimination of wastes.
9. URINARY SYSTEM
The urinary system, also known
as the renal system or urinary tract. The purpose of
the urinary system is to eliminate waste from the body, regulate
blood volume and blood pressure, control levels of electrolytes and metabolites,
and regulate blood pH.
COMPONENTS – Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra.
FUNCTIONS – Excretion of wastes
10. RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
The gas exchange process going on through
the lungs and respiratory system. In the respiratory system oxygen gas take in
and carbon di oxide expels through the lungs (primary function).
COMPONENTS – Pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, lungs, and diaphragm.
FUNCTIONS – To breathe, Production of sound.
11. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
The reproductive system or genital
system is a system of sex organs within an organism which work together for the
purpose of sexual reproduction. Many non-living substances such as fluids,
hormones, and pheromones are also important accessories to the reproductive
system.
COMPONENTS – Gonads (testes in male and ovaries in female) and associated
organs (uterine tubes, and vagina in females and epididymis, ductus deferens,
and penis in males).
FUNCTIONS - Reproduction.
